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Cramps

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Readers,
Yesterday was my TSK 16.12.2018 10km Open marathon , I was with team of Five People of out which one got cardiac cramps , for which he was not able to perform in the well for 25km marathon, I felt very sad and at the same time important , that , right training is very much needed to avoid such things.
let me tell you about what is cramps?
A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle. Onset is usually sudden, and it resolves on its own over a period of several seconds, minutes or hours. Cramps may occur in a skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle cramps may be caused by muscle fatigue or a lack of electrolytes such as low sodium, low potassium or low magnesium. Cramps of smooth muscle may be due to menstruation or gastroenteritis.
Cramps can occur when muscles are unable to relax properly due to myosin fibers not fully detaching from actin filaments. In skeletal muscle, ATP levels must be large enough to bind to the myosin heads for them to attach or detach from the actin and allow contraction or relaxation; the absence of enough levels of ATP means that the myosin heads remains attached to actin. The muscle must be allowed to recover (resynthesize ATP), before the myosin fibres can detach and allow the muscle to relax. Skeletal muscles work as antagonistic pairs. Contracting one skeletal muscle requires the relaxation of the opposing muscle in the pair.
Now the different types of cramps:-
Skeletal muscle cramps---
Nocturnal leg cramps----
Smooth muscle cramps----
If I go deeper these cramps varies more , but mainly the above are the types of cramps.
For instant relief you can do Stretching, massage and drinking plenty of liquids, such as water, may be helpful in treating simple muscle cramps.With exertional heat cramps due to electrolyte abnormalities (primarily sodium loss and not calcium, magnesium, and potassium), appropriate fluids and sufficient salt improves symptoms

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